Shandong (山东)
berries and autumn scrub, tai shan by Graeme Nicol. Sourced via Flickr under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License.
Shāndōng (山东)
Tourist Attractions
Below is a list of tourist attractions in Shandong:
Penglai Pavilion tourist areas (烟台市蓬莱阁旅游区; ), This site is rated AAAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Confucian Temple in Qufu (曲阜孔庙; ), This site is rated AAAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Mount Tai Scenic Spot (泰安市泰山景区; ), This site is rated AAAAA on China' national tourism scale. The UNESCO World Heritage Site lists this as a site of oustanding natural and cultural heritage.
Yantai Penglai Ocean Polar World (烟台蓬莱海洋极地世界; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Linyi Mengshan tourist areas (临沂蒙山旅游区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao International Yacht Club Yinhai tourist areas (青岛银海国际游艇俱乐部旅游区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Baotu Spring Park in Jinan (济南趵突泉公园; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Rushan Silver Beach Tourist Resort (乳山银滩旅游度假区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Konglin tourist areas (孔林旅游区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Laoshan Scenic Tourist Attractions (崂山风景名胜区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Folk art Weifang Yangjiabu Daguanyuan (潍坊杨家埠民间艺术大观园; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Laiwu City Housing stem eco-tourism zone (莱芜市房干生态旅游区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Jinan跑马岭tourist areas (济南跑马岭旅游区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Jining City, Temple Zoucheng Bangladesh, Bangladesh Government Tourist District (济宁市邹城孟庙、孟府旅游区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Jinan Hongye Valley eco-cultural tourism area (济南红叶谷生态文化旅游区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Qianfoshan Scenic Tourist Attractions in Jinan (济南千佛山风景名胜区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Scenic waterfront Qingdao (青岛海滨风景区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Lingyansi Tourist Areas (灵岩寺旅游区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yantai Nanshan Tourism Zone (烟台南山旅游区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Kong Family Mansion in Qufu (孔府; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Weihai Rongcheng Chishan Scenic Tourist Attractions (威海荣成赤山风景名胜区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Weifang Yishan Scenic Area (潍坊沂山风景区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Wulian sunshine Mountain Scenic Area (日照五莲山旅游风景区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao Beer Museum (青岛啤酒博物馆; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Zibo original Mountain National Forest Park (淄博原山国家森林公园; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Liaozhai Zibo City (淄博聊斋城; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Rongcheng Chengshan Scenic Tourist Attractions (荣成市成山头风景名胜区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Jinan Daming Lake Park (济南大明湖公园; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Zhoucun ancient city of Zibo City (淄博市周村古商城; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Zibo China Ceramic Museum (淄博中国陶瓷馆; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Jinan Lotus Stephen scenic Zhangqiu (济南市章丘百脉泉景区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Liu Island Scenic Tourist Attractions (刘公岛风景名胜区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao Underwater World (青岛海底世界; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yantai Changyu Pioneer Wine Culture Museum (烟台张裕酒文化博物馆; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yishui County, Linyi City, Shandong Province, Ground Floor, Grand Canyon tourist areas (临沂市山东沂水县地下大峡谷旅游区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yantai Golden Sands Beach Park (烟台金沙滩海滨公园; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Liaocheng Dongchang Lake District (聊城东昌湖旅游区; ), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.
Rongcheng City Shengshui Guan Scenic Tourist Attractions (荣成市圣水观风景名胜区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Zaozhuang Baodugu National Forest Park (枣庄抱犊崮国家森林公园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Zaozhuang Taierzhuang War Memorial Hall (枣庄台儿庄大战纪念馆; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Zaozhuang garden of pomegranates Scenic Tourist Attractions (枣庄石榴园风景名胜区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yantai Moushizhuangyuan (烟台牟氏庄园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yantai Agricultural Science and Technology Exposition (烟台农业科技博览园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Changyu Wine Culture Museum (张裕酒文化博物馆; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao Shan Fort education base (青岛山炮台教育基地; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao Signal Hill Park, (青岛信号山公园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Kunyu Mountain National Forest Park (昆嵛山国家森林公园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Chengyang Century Park (青岛城阳世纪公园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yantai Sports Park (烟台体育公园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao Shilaoren Tourist Park (青岛石老人观光园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Juxian floating to Mountain Scenic Spot (莒县浮来山景区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Laiwu Battle Memorial Hall (莱芜战役纪念馆; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Zibo Ceramics Museum (淄博市陶瓷博物馆; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Linzi Hall ancient chariot (临淄古车马馆; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Laiwu rooms dry eco-tourism area (莱芜房干生态旅游区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao Huashan International Country Club (青岛华山国际乡村俱乐部; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Vegetable Science and Technology Demonstration Park, Qingdao Co., Ltd. (青岛市蔬菜科技示范园有限公司; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Linyi Wang Xizhi House (临沂王羲之故居; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Linyi Yinqueshan bamboo Han Tomb Museum (临沂银雀山汉墓竹简博物馆; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Linyi Sheng able to amusement park (临沂盛能游乐园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yishui Snow Rainbow Valley tourism area (沂水雪山彩虹谷旅游区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Junan days Buddha tourist area (莒南天佛旅游区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yishui natural underground gallery (沂水天然地下画廊; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Shandong underground Grand Canyon (山东地下大峡谷; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Benefiting the Art of War City (惠民孙子兵法城; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Scenic Jiutian Dong Yiyuan Zibo (淄博沂源九天洞景区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Zibo Lushan National Forest Park (淄博鲁山国家森林公园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Weifang Shouguang Linhai eco-Exposition (潍坊寿光林海生态博览园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Weifang Campbell Park (潍坊金宝乐园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Huimin Wilcoxon Manor (惠民魏氏庄园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Dongying Swan Lake Scenic Spot (东营天鹅湖景区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Zoucheng City Mengmiao Mengfulu Scenic area (邹城市孟庙、孟府旅游区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Sanlihe Park (三里河公园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Zoucheng City yi Mountain Scenic Tourist Attractions (邹城市峄山风景名胜区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yantai Penglai Baxianguohai tourist attractions (烟台蓬莱八仙过海旅游景区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yantai Yangmadao Tourist Resort (烟台养马岛旅游度假区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Linzi, Zibo Qi gucheng Site Museum (淄博临淄齐国故城遗址博物馆; ), The remains of the ancient capital city of the Qi Dynasty. This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale. The tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites contains this location.
Zibo Linzi Guan Zhong Memorial Hall (淄博临淄管仲纪念馆; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Binzhou Zhanhua Winter Date eco-tourism area (滨州沾化冬枣生态旅游区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Liangshan tourist (水泊梁山旅游区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Qufu Six Arts City (曲阜六艺城; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yantai Hill Tourist Area (烟台山旅游区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yanggu Jing Yang Gang tourist area (阳谷景阳冈旅游区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yun Meng Mengyin Mengshan scenic tourist area (蒙山旅游区蒙阴云蒙景区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Malus guimeng Mengshan scenic tourist area (蒙山旅游区平邑龟蒙景区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Zibo former Mountain National Forest Park (淄博原山国家森林公园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Zibo Liao Zhai tourist area (淄博聊斋旅游区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Weifang Anqiu Qingyunshan folk amusement park (潍坊安丘青云山民俗游乐园; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yantai Golden Beach Tourist Area (烟台金沙滩旅游区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yantai Long Island Scenic Area (烟台长岛风景区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Yantai Tashan Scenic Area (烟台塔山风景区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao TV Tower (青岛电视塔; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Holiday Resort, Qingdao tianheng dao (青岛田横岛旅游度假区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao German-style residence of the former site (青岛德式官邸旧址; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao Langyatai Scenic Area (青岛琅琊台风景区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao Haier Science and Technology Museum (青岛海尔科技馆; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Jinan Wufengshan tourist area (济南五峰山旅游区; ), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.
Juxian floating to Mountain Scenic Spot (莒县浮来山景区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Zaozhuang Li Tsung-jen Historical Museum (枣庄李宗仁史料馆; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Rizhao Seaside National Forest Park Lunan (日照鲁南海滨国家森林公园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Jiaozhou Gao Feng Han Memorial (胶州高凤翰纪念馆; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Lacey Cui Fan Art Gallery (莱西崔子范美术馆; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao Botanical Garden (青岛植物园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Tin Hau Temple, Qingdao (青岛天后宫; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Laiwu Battle Memorial Hall (莱芜战役纪念馆; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Dongying Shengli Oilfield Technology Exhibition Center (东营胜利油田科技展览中心; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Huimin Sun Hometown (惠民孙子故园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Evergreen Wolong valley eco-tourism area (长青卧龙峪生态旅游区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Chang-Qing Qi Great Wall Tourist Area (长清齐长城旅游区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Laiwu rooms dry eco-tourism area (莱芜房干生态旅游区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Swan Lake Park in Dongying (东营天鹅湖公园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Qi Linzi Museum (临淄齐国历史博物馆; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingzhou Cloud Gate Mountain Scenic Area (青州云门山风景区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Boshan Kaiyuan cave (博山开元溶洞; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Linzi Hall ancient chariot (临淄古车马馆; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Weifang Campbell Park (潍坊金宝乐园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Source scenic Long Island Wonderland (长岛仙境源景区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Zhaoyuan Luoshan National Forest Park (招远罗山国家森林公园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Laizhou Yunfeng Mountain Scenic Area (莱州云峰山风景区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Rongcheng piebald color stone scenic (荣成花斑彩石景区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Yantai Kunlun Mountains National Forest Park (烟台昆仑山国家森林公园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Yantai kongtong Island Scenic Area (烟台崆峒岛风景区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Wang Fu Long Island reef scenic (长岛望夫礁景区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Tourist District, Linyi China Garden (临沂中华园艺旅游区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Linyi Sheng able to amusement park (临沂盛能游乐园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Linyi Dasan tourist area (临沂茶山旅游区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Weihai Xian Gu top tourist area (威海仙姑顶旅游区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Taian December Mountain National Forest Park (泰安腊山国家森林公园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Zibo Ceramics Museum (淄博市陶瓷博物馆; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Linyi Zoological and Botanical Gardens (临沂动植物园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Laolongwan Linqu Scenic Area (临朐老龙湾风景区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Zibo Wang Shizhen Memorial (淄博王士禛纪念馆; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Yishui Snow Mountain Tourist Area (沂水雪山旅游区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Yishui four openings (沂水四门洞; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Ginkgo Garden Village Tancheng (郯城新村银杏园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Taian Culai Mountain National Forest Park (泰安徂徕山国家森林公园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Feicheng Taoyuan Scenic Area in the world (肥城桃源世界风景区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Zaozhuang Bear Ear Mountain National Geological Park (枣庄熊耳山国家地质公园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Agricultural Tourism Zone of Zaozhuang Shan Tingqu jujube (枣庄山亭区红枣农业旅游区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Rizhao Daqingshan Scenic Area (日照大青山风景区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao Jinghua Tourism Workshop (青岛京华旅游观光工场; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao Kang House Museum (青岛康有为故居纪念馆; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Qufu Confucius essence Yuan (曲阜孔子精华苑; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao Huashan International Country Club (青岛华山国际乡村俱乐部; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Qingdao Jimo Heshan Scenic Area (青岛即墨鹤山风景区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Chien-lu bun Hill tourist area Mato (莒南马髻山旅游区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Lianhua Mountain Forest Park (莲花山森林公园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Feicheng Ushiyama National Forest Park (肥城牛山国家森林公园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Jiaozhou yai Scenic Area (胶州艾山风景区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Shouguang Vegetable High-tech Demonstration Garden (寿光市蔬菜高科技示范园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
"Ding-Yuan" ship tourist areas (“定远”舰旅游区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Museum of Chinese donkey-hide gelatin (中国阿胶博物馆; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Yantai Yuhuangding Park (烟台毓璜顶公园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Majia River Resort (马颊河度假村; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Liaocheng Jiang Tsutsumi Parks Limited (聊城市姜堤乐园有限公司; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Shandong Lingquan Temple Tourist Area (山东灵泉寺旅游区; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Liaocheng Agricultural Science and Technology Park, Phoenix Court, (聊城市凤凰苑农业科技园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Zibo Quebec St Park (淄博魁圣园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Taishan heaven paradise (泰山天庭乐园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Han Shu Fan Art rocks (韩书凡奇石艺术馆; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Penglai Xing Rui Manor (蓬莱兴瑞庄园; ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.
Tsingdao Jimo Longshan parkland (青岛即墨龙山风景区; ), This site is rated A on China' national tourism scale.
jujube Zhuang Ganquan meditation Buddhist temple (枣庄甘泉禅寺; ), This site is rated A on China' national tourism scale.
Pinghu to appear river park (平湖现河公园; ), This site is rated A on China' national tourism scale.
Rizhao 10000 balanced beach tourist site (日照万平口海滨旅游区; ), This site is rated A on China' national tourism scale.
glue state Ai Shan parkland (胶州艾山风景区; ), This site is rated A on China' national tourism scale.
Laizhou thousand Buddha council-chamber (莱州千佛阁; ), This site is rated A on China' national tourism scale.
History
Shandong is located on the eastern edge of the North China Plain, and felt the influence of Chinese civilization since remote antiquity. The earliest dynasties (the Shang dynasty and Zhou dynasty) exerted varying degrees of control over western Shandong, while eastern Shandong was inhabited by the Laiyi peoples who were considered as the "barbarians". Over subsequent centuries, the Laiyi were eventually sinicized.
During the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋时期) and the Warring States Period (战国时期), regional states became increasingly powerful. At this time,Shandong was home to two powerful states: the state of Qi (齐国) at Linzi and the state of Lu (鲁国) at Qufu. Lu is noted for being the home of Confucius. The state was, however, comparatively small, and eventually succumbed to the powerful state of Chu from the south. The state of Qi was, on the other hand, a major power throughout this entire period. Cities it ruled included Linzi, Jimo (north of modern Qingdao) and Ju.
The Qin Dynasty destroyed Qi and founded the first centralized Chinese state in 221 BC. The Han Dynasty that followed created two zhou ("provinces") in what is now modern Shandong: Qingzhou Province in the north and Yanzhou Province in the south. During the division of the Three Kingdoms Shandong belonged to the Kingdom of Wei, which ruled over northern China.
After the Three Kingdoms period, a brief period of unity under the Western Jin Dynasty gave way to invasions by nomadic peoples from the north. Northern China, including Shandong, was overrun. Over the next century or so Shandong changed hands several times, falling to the Later Zhao, then Former Yan, then Former Qin, then Later Yan, then Southern Yan, then the Liu Song Dynasty, and finally the Northern Wei Dynasty, the first of the Northern Dynasties during the Northern and Southern Dynasties Period. Shandong stayed with the Northern Dynasties for the rest of this period.
In 412, the Chinese Buddhist monk Faxian landed at Laoshan, on the southern edge of the Shandong peninsula, and proceeded to Qingzhou to edit and translate the scriptures he had brought back from India.
The Sui Dynasty reestablished unity in 589, and the Tang Dynasty (618-907) presided over the next golden age of China. For the earlier part of this period Shandong was ruled as part of Henan Circuit, one of the circuits (a political division). Later on China splintered into warlord factions, resulting in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Shandong was part of the Five Dynasties, all based in the north.
The Song Dynasty reunified China in the late tenth century. In 1996, the discovery of over two hundred buried Buddhist statues at Qingzhou was hailed as a major archaeological find. The statues included early examples of painted figures, and are thought to have been buried due to Emperor Huizong's Song Dynasty repression of Buddhism (he favoured Taoism).
The Song Dynasty was forced to cede northern China to the Jurchen Jin Dynasty in 1142. Shandong was administered by the Jin Dynasty as Shandong East Circuit and Shandong West Circuit — the first use of its current name.
The modern province of Shandong was created by the Ming Dynasty. It also included much of modern-day Liaoning (in south Manchuria) at the time. However, the Manchus increasingly asserted independence, and managed to conquer all of China in 1644. Under the Qing Dynasty, which they founded, Shandong acquired (more or less) its current borders.
During the nineteenth century, China became increasingly exposed to Western influence, and Shandong, a coastal province, was especially affected. Qingdao was leased to Germany in 1897 and Weihai to Britain in 1898. The rest of Shandong was generally considered to be part of the German sphere of influence. In addition, the Qing Dynasty opened Manchuria to Han Chinese immigration during the 19th century; Shandong was the main source of the ensuing tide of migrants.
Shandong was one of the first places in which the Boxer Rebellion started and became one of the centers of the uprising. In 1899, the Qing-Dynasty general Yuan Shikai was appointed as governor of the province to suppress the uprising. He held the post for 3 years.
After the Republic of China was founded in 1911, Qingdao reverted to Chinese control in 1922, Weihai followed in 1930.
In April 1925, the warlord Zhang Zongchang, nicknamed the "Dogmeat General", became military governor of Shandong Province. Time dubbed him China's "basest warlord". He ruled over the province until 1928, when he was ousted in the wake of the Northern Expedition. He was succeeded by Han Fuju, who was loyal to the warlord Feng Yuxiang but later switched his allegiance to the Nanjing government headed by Chiang Kai-Shek. Han Fuju also ousted the warlord Liu Zhennian, nicknamed the "King of Shandong East", who ruled eastern Shandong Province, hence unifying the province under his rule.
In 1937 Japan began its invasion of China proper in the Second Sino-Japanese War, which would eventually become part of the Pacific theatre of the Second World War. Han Fuju was made Deputy Commander in Chief of the 5th War Area and put in charge defending the lower Yellow River valley. However, he abandoned his base in Jinan when the Japanese crossed the Yellow River. He was executed for not following orders shortly thereafter.
Shandong was occupied in its entirety by Japan, with resistance in the countryside, and was one of the provinces where operation sankō was implemented by general Yasuji Okamura. This lasted until the surrender of Japan in 1945.
By 1945, communist forces already held some parts of Shandong. Over the next four years of the Chinese Civil War, they expanded their holdings, eventually driving the Kuomintang (government of the Republic of China) entirely out of Shandong by June 1949. The People's Republic of China was founded in October of the same year.
Under the new government, parts of western Shandong was initially given to the short-lived Pingyuan Province, but this did not last. Shandong also acquired the Xuzhou and Lianyungang areas from Jiangsu province, but this did not last either. For the most part Shandong has kept the same borders that it has today.
In recent years Shandong, especially eastern Shandong, has enjoyed significant economic development, becoming one of the richest provinces of the People's Republic of China.
Zhucheng, which is located in Shandong, is known as "dinosaur city" as it has been the scene of many dinosaur finds in the past. On December 31, 2008, it was announced that 7,600 dinosaur bones were uncovered. This is believed to be the largest collection ever found. These bones include tyrannosaurus and ankylosaurus.
People and Culture
Shandong is the second most populous province of China, after Henan, with a population of almost 92 million. Over 99% of Shandong's population is Han Chinese. Minority groups include the Hui and the Manchus. Shandong citizens are also known to have the highest average height of any Chinese province.
Mandarin dialects are spoken in Shandong. Linguists classify these dialects into three broad categories: Ji Lu Mandarin spoken in the northwest (as well as in neighbouring Hebei), such as the Jinan dialect; Zhongyuan Mandarin spoken in the southwest (as well as in neighbouring Henan); and Jiao Liao Mandarin spoken in the Shandong Peninsula (as well as the Liaodong Peninsula across the sea), such as the Qingdao dialect. When people speak of the "Shandong dialect" (山東話), it is generally the first or the second that is meant; the Jiao Liao dialects of Shandong are commonly called the "Jiaodong dialect" (膠東話).
Shandong cuisine (鲁菜) is one of the eight great traditions of Chinese cuisine. It can be more finely divided into inland Shandong cuisine (e.g. Jinan cuisine); the seafood-centered Jiaodong cuisine in the peninsula; and Confucius's Mansion cuisine, an elaborate tradition originally intended for imperial and other important feasts.
Shandong Bangzi and Lüju are popular types of Chinese opera in Shandong; both originated from southwestern Shandong.
Industry
Shandong ranks first among the provinces in the production of a variety of products, including cotton and wheat as well as precious metals such as gold and diamonds. It also has one of the biggest sapphire deposits in the world. Other importants crop include sorghum and maize. Shandong has extensive petroleum deposits as well, especially in the Dongying area in the Yellow River delta, where the Shengli Oilfield (lit. Victory Oilfield) is one of the major oilfields of China. Shandong also produces bromine from underground wells and salt from sea water.
Shandong is one of the richer provinces of China, and its economic development focuses on large enterprises with well-known brand names. Shandong is the biggest industrial producer and one of the top manufacturing provinces in China. Shandong has also benefited from South Korean and Japanese investment, due to its geographical proximity to those countries. The richest part of the province is the Shandong Peninsula, where the city of Qingdao is home to two of the most well-known brand names of China: Tsingtao Beer and Haier. In addition, Dongying's oil fields and petroleum industries form an important component of Shandong's economy.
In 2008, the nominal GDP for Shandong was 3.11 trillion yuan (US$446 billion), ranking second in the country (behind Guangdong and ahead of Jiangsu). It's GDP per capita was 33,083 yuan (US$4,749), ranking seventh.
Wine Industry
The production of wine is the second largest industry in the Shandong Province, second only to agriculture.
Geographically, the southern hills average an elevation of 200 meters, while the coastal areas remain relatively flat. Most of the soil is loose, well-ventilated, and rich in minerals and organic matter that enable full development of the root systems.
Presently, there are more than 140 wineries in the region, mainly distributed in the Nanwang Grape Valley and along the Yan-Peng Sightseeing Highway. The region produced more than 40% of China's grape wine production. Main varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Gernischt, Merlot, Riesling and Chardonnay are all at 20 years of age, considered to be the golden stage for these grapes. Most of them maintain an average saccharinity of above 20%.
Major Producers
- Changyu Pioneer Wine Co.
- China Great Wall Wine Co.
Geography
Shandong is mostly flat in terrain. The northwestern, western, and southwestern parts of the province are all part of the vast North China Plain. The center of the province is more mountainous, with the Taishan Mountains, Lushan Mountains, and Mengshan Mountains being the most prominent. The east of the province is the hilly Shandong Peninsula extending into the sea; it separates Bohai Sea in the northwest from the Yellow Sea to the east and south. The highest peak of Shandong is the highest peak in the Taishan area: Jade Emperor Peak, with a height of 1545 m.
The Yellow River passes through Shandong's western areas, entering the sea along Shandong's northern coast; in its traversal of Shandong it flows on a levee, higher than the surrounding land, and dividing western Shandong into the Hai He watershed in the north and the Huai He watershed in the south. The Grand Canal of China enters Shandong from the northwest and leaves on the southwest. Lake Weishan is the largest lake of the province. Shandong's coastline is 3000 km long. Shandong Peninsula has a rocky coastline with cliffs, bays, and islands; the large Laizhou Bay, the southernmost of the three bays of Bohai Sea, is found to the north, between Dongying and Penglai; Jiaozhou Bay, which is much smaller, is found to the south, next to Qingdao. The Miaodao Islands extend northwards from the northern coast of the peninsula.
Shandong has a temperate climate, with moist summers and dry, cold winters. Average temperatures are -5 to 1°C in January and 24 to 28°C in July. Annual precipitation is 550 to 950 mm.
With Jinan serving as the province's economic and cultural centre, the province's economic prowess has led to the development of modern coastal cities located at Qingdao, Weihai, and Yantai. In addition, Weifang and Zaozhuang are also upstart cities.
Shandong is divided into seventeen prefecture-level divisions, all of them prefecture-level cities:
| Map | # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
|||||
| 1 | Jinan | 济南 | Jǐnán | Sub-provincial city | |
| 2 | Qingdao | 青岛 | Qīngdǎo | Sub-provincial city | |
| 3 | Binzhou | 滨州 | Bīnzhōu | Prefecture-level city | |
| 4 | Dezhou | 德州 | Dézhōu | Prefecture-level city | |
| 5 | Dongying | 东营 | Dōngyíng | Prefecture-level city | |
| 6 | Heze | 菏泽 | Hézé | Prefecture-level city | |
| 7 | Jining | 济宁 | Jìníng | Prefecture-level city | |
| 8 | Laiwu | 莱芜 | Láiwú | Prefecture-level city | |
| 9 | Liaocheng | 聊城 | Liáochéng | Prefecture-level city | |
| 10 | Linyi | 临沂 | Línyí | Prefecture-level city | |
| 11 | Rizhao | 日照 | Rìzhào | Prefecture-level city | |
| 12 | Tai'an | 泰安 | Tài'ān | Prefecture-level city | |
| 13 | Weifang | 潍坊 | Wéifāng | Prefecture-level city | |
| 14 | Weihai | 威海 | Wēihǎi | Prefecture-level city | |
| 15 | Yantai | 烟台 | Yāntái | Prefecture-level city | |
| 16 | Zaozhuang | 枣庄 | Zǎozhuāng | Prefecture-level city | |
| 17 | Zibo | 淄博 | Zībó |
Prefecture-level city |
The Jingjiu Railway (Beijing-Kowloon) and Jinghu Railway (Beijing-Shanghai) are both major arterial railways that pass through the western part of Shandong. The Jingjiu passes through Liaocheng and Heze; the Jinghu passes through Dezhou, Jinan, Tai'an, Qufu. and Tengzhou. The Jiaoji Railway is an important railway of Shandong, linking its two largest cities of Qingdao and Jinan, with the longest history of all.
Shandong has one of the densest and highest quality expressway networks among all Chinese provinces. At over 3000 km, the total length of Shandong's expressways is the highest among the provinces. The Jiqing Expressway (Jinan-Qingdao) and Jingfu Expressway (Beijing-Fuzhou, passing through Shandong) are all important arterial expressways.
The Shandong Peninsula, with its bays and harbours, has many important ports, including Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, Rizhao, and Longkou. Many of these ports have historical significance as well, as the sites of former foreign naval bases or historical battles. Ferries link the cities on the north coast of the peninsula with the Liaodong Peninsula, further north across the sea.
Important airports include Jinan Yaoqiang Airport and Qingdao Liuting International Airport.
News About Shandong
Shandong Iron agrees to buy assets of Rizhao Iron
6, 2010 (China Knowledge) - China's state-owned Shandong Iron & Steel Group Co has agreed to acquire the assets of Rizhao Iron & Steel Group Co, ... »
Zhongjin Gold Ups Gold Reserves
September 6 -- Shandong Yantai Xintai Gold Mining, a subsidiary of Zhongjin Gold (600489), estimates that it recently added 9.14 tons of gold reserves, ... »
China's Anqiu to select year's worst civil servants
Anqiu City of China's Shandong Province will select and openly announce the year's worst civil servants, which has given rise to a wide debate there and ... »
East China province posts 12.6% surge in cultural products exports
East China's Shandong Province saw its cultural products exports grow 12.6 percent year on year to 653 million US dollars in the first seven months of 2010, ... »
Shandong Gold to invest RMB 1.2 bln in 5 subsidiaries
6, 2010 (China Knowledge) - Shandong Gold Mining<600547> is scheduled to inject a total of RMB 1.2 billion into five subsidiaries to increase their ... »
China stock market calendar ?Sept. 6
6 21 22 Shandong Yanggu Huatai Chemical 300121 Sept. 6 Sept. 6 20.80 15 Changbao Steeltube 002478 Sept. 8 Sept. 8 69.5 Fuchunjiang Environmental ... »
Chinese seamless pipe prices stable
In the Shanghai market, offer prices for 219x6mm (GB/8163) seamless pipes sourced from Jiangsu and Shandong provinces were around RMB 5300-5350/tonne ... »
Clique of three hardliners sprang from oilfields
Sydney Morning HeraldWang by then had been promoted on to the party committee of Shandong province. Zhou was a close family friend of the oil ministry official Zeng Qinghong, ... »
Pacifist thinker and inventor -- Mo Zi
5 (Xinhuanet) -- Born in the State of Lu (in today's Shandong Province), Mo Zi was a thinker, political activist, educator and scientist during the early ... »
Shangang to complete takeover of Rizhao Group in November
Chinese steelmaker Shandong Iron and Steel Group (Shangang) will complete its acquisition of Shandong Province-based steel producer Rizhao Group before ... »
Burwill update on development of Tai Xin iron ore project
Burwill Holdings Limited announced the latest update on Tai Xin magnetite iron ore mine project at Laiyang City in Shandong Province. ... »
CSRC To Review Two IPO Applications on Sep 6
September 3 -- China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) will review Valiant Fine Chemicals and Shandong Fengyuan Chemical Stock's initial public ... »
Drawing, Computing & Measuring Instruments Industry In China: Zhejiang ...
As shown in this report, the major distribution areas for drawing, computing & measuring instruments industry are Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shandong. ... »
Shandong Steel Group Purchases Rizhao Port Subsidiaries
September 2 -- Shandong Steel Group plans to purchase three affiliates of Kai Yuan Holdings (1215.HK) before November 30, reports yicai.com, ... »
Burwill to open second iron ore concentrating plant in China
The Laiyang Taixin magnetite project, also located in Shandong, is a group of five iron ore mines with combined proven reserves of 643.3m t. ... »
A Shan by Any Other Name
If you live in the Shan family village in Shandong province, a Chinese character so rare that computer systems used to issue official documents can't render ... »
Sinopec gives no support to M-gasoline, casting shadow on M-gasoline promotion
Tangshan, a city of Hebei provinc e in north China, has been appointed as a new model city for promoting In north China's Shandong province, Shandong ... »
China's perplexing property boom
I came across a particularly spectacular example of local government largesse last week when I was in Linyi, a city of 10m people in Shandong province which ... »
OneAsia Tour axes China golf event
AFPBEIJING — The OneAsia Tour has axed this year's inaugural Shandong Gold Cup tournament in China due to scheduling issues, organisers said on Thursday. ... »
China tournament withdrawn from OneAsia schedule
By Nick Mulvenney BEIJING (Reuters) - The maiden Shandong Gold Cup tournament has been withdrawn from OneAsia's 2010 schedule and postponed until further ... »