Jiangxi 江西

小桥流水人家

小桥流水人家 By 无忌 王伟. Sourced via Flickr under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

Jiāngxī (江西) province is located is south central China. It was here that the Chinese Communist Party established some of its earliest bases. For many years, the Party centred its operation in the mountains of Jiangxi, with the Kuomindang repeatedly trying unsuccessfully to encircle and eradicate them. It was from here that the Communists set out on their famous Long March that took them via the west of China, to their base in Henan.

Tourist Attractions

Below is a list of tourist attractions in Jiangxi:

by EAJ. Sourced via Flickr.

(九江市庐山风景旅游区; jiǔ jiāng shì lú shān fēng jǐng lǚ yóu qū): This tourist attraction is listed as a UNESCO World Herritage Site. This tourist attraction is rates as AAAAA on China's national tourism scale.

吉安市井冈山风景旅游区. This tourist attraction is rates as AAAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(景德镇陶瓷历史博览区; jǐngdézhèn táocí lìshǐ bólǎn qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(三爪仑国家森林公园; sān zhǎo lún guójiā sēnlín gōngyuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(明月山天沐温泉度假村; míng yuè shān tiān mù wēnquán dùjiàcūn): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(新余市仙女湖风景旅游区; xīnyú shì xiānnǚ hú fēngjǐng lǚyóuqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(婺源江湾景区; wùyuán jiāngwān jǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(婺源县大鄣山卧龙谷旅游区; wùyuán xiàn dà zhāng shān wò lóng gǔ lǚyóuqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(庐山龙湾温泉度假村; lúshānLóng Wān wēnquán dùjiàcūn): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(宜春明月山温泉风景名胜区; yíchūn míng yuè shān wēnquán fēngjǐngmíngshèng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(龙虎山风景旅游区; Lóng Hǔshān fēngjǐng lǚyóuqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(井岗山风景区; jǐng gǎng shān fēngjǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(赣州通天岩景区; gànzhōu tōng tiān yán jǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(景德镇市高岭·瑶里风景名胜区; jǐngdézhèn shì gāolǐng- yáo lǐ fēngjǐngmíngshèng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(上饶弋阳龟峰景区; shàngráo yìyáng guī fēng jǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(南昌市天香园景区; nánchāngshì tiān xiāng yuán jǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(滕王阁; Téng Wánggé): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(庐山风景名胜区; lúshānfēngjǐngmíngshèng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(景德镇市浮梁古县衙景区; jǐngdézhèn shì fúliáng gǔxiàn yá jǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

Sanqingshan, Jiangsu by Patrick Boehler. Sourced via Flickr.

(三清山风景区; sān qīng shān fēngjǐngqū): This tourist attraction is listed as a UNESCO World Herritage Site. This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(庐山天沐温泉度假村; lúshāntiān mù wēnquán dùjiàcūn): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(虞山－尚湖风景区; Yú Shān- Shàng Hú fēngjǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(集安市高句丽文物古迹旅游景区; jíānshì gāogōulí wénwù gǔjī lǚyóu jǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(集安市云峰湖景区; zhǎng chūn shì jiè fēng jǐng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AAA on China's national tourism scale.

(宜春三爪仑生态旅游区; yí chūn sān zhǎo yuè shēng tài lǚ yóu qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAA on China's national tourism scale.

(九江龙宫洞风景区; jiǔ jiāng lóng gōng dòng fēng jǐng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAA on China's national tourism scale.

(九江石钟山; jiǔ jiāng shí zhōng shān): This tourist attraction is rates as AAA on China's national tourism scale.

(赣州阳岭森林公园; gàn zhōu yáng lǐng sēn lín gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AAA on China's national tourism scale.

(景德镇陶瓷博物馆; jǐng dé zhèn táo cí bó wù guǎn): This tourist attraction is rates as AAA on China's national tourism scale.

(婺源文化与生态旅游区; wù yuán wén huà yǔ shēng tài lǚ yóu qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAA on China's national tourism scale.

(集安市五女峰国家级森林公园; qīng shān hú shěng jí fēng jǐng míng shèng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(集安市云峰湖旅游度假区; jí ān shì yún fēng hú lǚ yóu dù jià qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(抚州南丰紫霄观漂流风景区; fǔ zhōu nán fēng zǐ xiāo guān piāo liú fēng jǐng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(抚州汤显祖纪念馆; fǔ zhōu tāng xiǎn zǔ jì niàn guǎn): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(上饶铅山葛仙山风景区; shàng ráo qiān shān gé xiān shān fēng jǐng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(吉安安福武功山温泉山庄; jí ān ān fú wǔ gōng shān wēn quán shān zhuāng): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(吉安文天祥纪念馆; jí ān wén tiān xiáng jì niàn guǎn): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(上饶大坳枫泽湖风景区; shàng ráo dà ào fēng zé hú fēng jǐng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(抚州汤显祖纪念馆; fǔ zhōu tāng xiǎn zǔ jì niàn guǎn): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(抚州南丰紫霄观漂流风景区; fǔ zhōu nán fēng zǐ xiāo guān piāo liú fēng jǐng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(吉安文天祥纪念馆; jí ān wén tiān xiáng jì niàn guǎn): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(南丰县潭湖旅游风景区; nán fēng xiàn tán;dǎn hú lǚ yóu fēng jǐng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(吉安安福武功山温泉山庄; jí ān ān fú wǔ gōng shān wēn quán shān zhuāng): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(吉安毛泽东祖籍游览苑; jí ān máo zé dōng zǔ jí yóu lǎn yuàn): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(上饶铅山葛仙山风景区; shàng ráo qiān shān gé xiān shān fēng jǐng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(上饶大坳枫泽湖风景区; shàng ráo dà ào fēng zé hú fēng jǐng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(吉安青原山风景旅游区; jí ān qīng yuán shān fēng jǐng lǚ yóu qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(萍乡义龙洞风景旅游区; píng xiāng yì lóng dòng fēng jǐng lǚ yóu qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(江西省国际体育健身运动中心; jiāng xī shěng;xǐng guó jì tǐ yù jiàn shēn yùn dòng zhōng xīn): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(莲花县一枝枪纪念馆; lián huā xiàn yī zhī qiāng jì niàn guǎn): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

History

Jiangxi is centered on the Gan River valley, which historically provided the main north-south transport route of south China. The corridor along the Gan River is one of the few easily traveled routes through the otherwise mountainous and rugged terrain of the south-eastern mountains. This open corridor was the primary route for trade and communication between the North China Plain and the Yangtze River valley in the north and the territory of modern Guangdong province in the south. As a result Jiangxi has been strategically important throughout much of China's history.

Jiangxi was outside the sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization during the Shang Dynasty (16th to 11th centuries BC). It is likely that peoples collectively known as the Yue inhabited the region. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the northern part of modern Jiangxi formed the western frontier of the state of Wu. After Wu was conquered by the state of Yue (a power based in modern northern Zhejiang) in 473 BC, the state of Chu (based in modern Hubei) took over northern Jiangxi and there may have been some Yue influence in the south. Chu subjugated Yue in 333 BC, and was in turn subjugated by the state of Qin in 221 BC. Qin established the Qin Dynasty in that same year, the first unified Chinese state.

The unification of China by the Qin Dynasty saw the incorporation of Jiangxi into the Qin empire. The Qin Dynasty established a two-tier administration system in China, with commanderies on top and counties below. Seven counties were established in what is now Jiangxi, all of them administered from Jiujiang commandery, located north of the Yangzi in modern Anhui, not the modern city of Jiujiang in Jiangxi. Qin colonisation formed the earliest settlement structure in Jiangxi and which for the most part, has survived to the present day.

Yuzhang commandery (豫章) was established in northern Jiangxi at the beginning of the Han Dynasty, possibly before the death of Xiang Yu in 202 BC. It was named after the Yuzhang River (豫章江), the original name of Gan River (贛江). "Gan" has become the abbreviation of the province. In 201, eight counties were added to the original seven of Qin, and three more were established in later years. Throughout most of the Han Dynasty the commandery's eighteen counties covered most of the modern province of Jiangxi. The county seats of Nanchang, Gan, Yudu, Luling among others were located at the sites of modern major cities. Other counties, however, have been moved or abolished in later centuries.

Under the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Yuzhang Commandery was assigned to Yangzhou Province, as part of a trend to establish provinces (zhou) all across China. In 291 AD, during the Western Jin Dynasty, Jiangxi became its own Zhou called Jiangzhou (江州). During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Jiangxi was under the control of the southern dynasties, and the number of zhou slowly grew.

During the Sui Dynasty, there were seven commanderies and twenty-four counties in Jiangxi. During the Tang Dynasty, another commandery and fourteen counties were added. Commanderies were then abolished, becoming zhou (henceforth translated as "prefectures" rather than "provinces").

Circuits were established during the Tang Dynasty as a new top-level administrative division. At first Jiangxi was part of the Jiangnan Circuit (lit. "Circuit south of the Yangtze"). In 733, this circuit was divided into western and eastern halves. Jiangxi was found in the western half, which was called Jiangnanxi Circuit (lit. "Western circuits south of the Yangtze"). This is the source of the modern name "Jiangxi".

The Tang Dynasty collapsed in 907, heralding the division of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Jiangxi first belonged to Wu (吳), then to Southern Tang (南唐). Both states were based in modern-day Nanjing, further down the Yangtze River.

During the Song Dynasty, Jiangnanxi Circuit was reestablished with nine prefectures and four army districts (with sixty-eight districts).

During the Yuan Dynasty, the circuit was divided into thirteen different circuits, and Jiangxi Province was established for the first time. This province also included the majority of modern Guangdong. Jiangxi acquired (more or less) its modern borders during the Ming Dynasty after Guangdong was separated out. There has been little change to the borders of Jiangxi since.

After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Jiangxi became one of the earliest bases for the Communists and many peasants were recruited to join the growing people's revolution. The Nanchang Uprising took place in Jiangxi on August 1, 1927, during the Chinese Civil War. Later the Communist leadership hid in the mountains of southern and western Jiangxi, hiding from the Kuomindang's attempts to eradicate them. In 1931, the Chinese Soviet Republic's government was established in Ruijin (瑞金), which is sometimes called the "Former Red Capital" (红色故都), or just the "Red Capital". In 1935, after complete encirclement by the Nationalist forces, the Communists broke through and began the Long March to Yan'an. 

People and Culture

The population of Jiangxi is approximately 39.66 million. 99% of that is Han Chinese. Minorities include Hui and Zhuang. The Hakka, a Han Chinese people with their own distinctive identity, inhabit the southern parts of the province.

Jiangxi is the main area of concentration of the Gan varieties of Chinese, spoken over most of the northern two-thirds of the province. Examples include the Nanchang dialect, Yichun dialect and Ji'an dialect. The southern one-third of the province speaks Hakka. There are also Mandarin, Huizhou, and Wu dialects spoken along the northern border.

Ganju (Jiangxi opera) is the type of Chinese opera performed in Jiangxi.

Although little known outside of the province, Jiangxi cuisine is rich and distinctive. Flavors are some of the strongest in China, with heavy use of chile peppers and especially pickled and fermented products.

Jingdezhen is widely regarded as the producer of the best porcelain in China.

Jiangxi also was a historical center of Chan Buddhism.

Prominent examples of Hakka architecture can be found in Jiangxi.

Industry

Rice is the dominant crop in Jiangxi. Cash crops commonly grown include cotton and rapeseed.

Jiangxi is rich in mineral resources, leading the provinces of China in deposits of copper, tungsten, gold, silver, uranium, thorium, tantalum, niobium, among others. Noted centers of mining include Dexing (copper) and Dayu County (tungsten).

Jiangxi is a rather poor province when compared to its neighboring provinces. It is located in extreme proximity to some of the richest provinces of China (Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian), which are sometimes blamed for taking away talent and capital from Jiangxi.

Jiangxi's nominal GDP for 2008 was 648 billion yuan (93.3 billion USD) and a per capita of 15,033 RMB (2,164 USD).

Geography

Mountains surround Jiangxi on three sides, with the Mufu Mountains, Jiuling Mountains, and Luoxiao Mountains on the west; Huaiyu Mountains and Wuyi Mountains on the east; and the Jiulian Mountains and Dayu Mountains in the south. The southern half of the province is hilly with ranges and valleys interspersed; while the northern half is flatter and lower in altitude. The highest point in Jiangxi is Mount Huanggang in the Wuyi Mountains, on the border with Fujian. It has an altitude of 2157 m.

The Gan River dominates the province, flowing through the entire length of the province from south to north. It enters Lake Poyang in the north, the largest freshwater lake of China; that lake in turn empties into the Yangtze River, which forms part of the northern border of Jiangxi. Important reservoirs include the Xiushui Tuolin Reservoir in the northwest of the province on the Xiushui River, and the Wan'an Reservoir in the upper section of the Gan.

Jiangxi's climate is subtropical. Average temperatures are about 3 to 9°C in January and 27 to 31°C in July. Annual precipitation is 1200 to 1900 mm.

Jiangxi is divided into eleven prefecture-level divisions, all prefecture-level cities:

Map # Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Type
Map of Jiangxi province in China 1 Nanchang 南昌 Nánchāng Prefecture-level city
2 Fuzhou 抚州 Fǔzhōu Prefecture-level city
3 Ganzhou 赣州 Gànzhōu Prefecture-level city
4 Ji'an 吉安 Jí'ān Prefecture-level city
5 Jingdezhen 景德镇 Jǐngdézhèn Prefecture-level city
6 Jiujiang 九江 Jiǔjiāng Prefecture-level city
7 Pingxiang 萍乡 Píngxiāng Prefecture-level city
8 Shangrao 上饶 Shàngráo Prefecture-level city
9 Xinyu 新余 Xīnyú Prefecture-level city
10 Yichun 宜春 Yíchūn Prefecture-level city
11 Yingtan 鹰潭 Yīngtán Prefecture-level city

The mountainous terrain and large forest coverage of Jiangxi has made it historically one of the more wild places of central China. South China Tigers have been seen as recently as fifteen or twenty years ago and projects are underway to document evidence of existing tigers, if there are any. Several mountain areas along the northern border with Hunan and Hubei are potential sites for "wilderness" preserves specifically for protecting or even reintroducing tigers.

Other wildlife, though not plentiful, are more numerous in Jiangxi than in many other developed areas of China. Numerous species of birds are common, especially around the marshes of Lake Poyang in the north. Though protected, mammals such as muntjak, wild boar, civet cats, and pangolins, are still common enough that they'll even occasionally be seen in markets for sale as game meat, or possibly even in a forest.

The late Paleocene mesonychid, Jiangxia chaotoensis was found in the province, and named after it.

News About Jiangxi

Beyond Class Part VI: Rural China – What Has Changed Since Mao Zedong Visited
By Mary Kay Magistad ⋅ May 24, 2012 ⋅ Post a comment The rolling hills and rivers of Jiangxi province's Xunwu county are picturesque, but this has long been one of the poorest places in China. That's why Mao Zedong came here for a month in 1930 ... »PRI's The World

China's city rules limit flies in public toilets
Nanchang, capital of East China's Jiangxi province, recently joined Beijing as the latest city to limit the numberof flies in its public toilets – on paper at least. Nanchang's sanitation guidelines state that there should be no more than three flies ... »Jakarta Post

City rules limit flies in public toilets
By Mo Jinwei ( chinadaily.com.cn) Nanchang, capital of East China's Jiangxi province, recently joined Beijing as the latest city to limit the number of flies in its public toilets - on paper at least. Nanchang's sanitation guidelines state that there ... »

LDK Says Antidumping Duty Won't Drive It From U.S. Market
“We will continue to deliver high-quality PV products at competitive prices to our customers in the United States,” Sam Tong, president and chief operating officer, said today in a filing by the company based in Xinyu, in Jiangxi province. »

New UN report urges greater efforts to prevent drowning deaths among children
Drowning is a leading cause of death for children after infancy, between 1-17 years of age, in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Thailand, Viet Nam and the provinces Beijing and Jiangxi in China, according to a new report released today by UNICEF and The Alliance ... »

Charity for poor established in memory of young student
... student who died in a yacht accident in Taihu Lake, decided to donate all the 1.2 million yuan ($190000) in compensation from the insurance company and local government to establish the Jiayi Charity for poor students from Jiangxi's Yushan county. »

• Overtime Fee on Highways
Some business insiders say overtime charge is aimed at drivers who wants to avoid paying toll fee. One official from Jiangxi Province transportation bureau says there is no such charge in Jiangxi, and it's illegal to do so. »

Chinese hospital issues I-cards on sperm health
The first card-holder was a 25-year-old man named Shangguan from Jiangxi province. He received the card after having his sperm analysed at the hospital. Feng liuxiang, director of the Guangdong Healthy Birth and Child Development Association, ... »

Vice Premier Urges Greater Development of Central Regions
With one-fourth of the nation's total population, the central provinces of Shanxi, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi account for one-fifth of the nation's economy and have become a major support for China's overall social and economic development, ... »

Many Drowning Deaths Of Children Across Asia Preventable, Says Report
The research, conducted by The Alliance for Safe Children (TASC) in collaboration with Unicef's Office of Research, had surveyed four countries --Bangladesh, Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand -- together with two provinces in China -- Beijing and Jiangxi. »

Most Chinese Stocks Decline on Slowing Economy, Greece Concerns
Jiangxi Copper Co. (600362) and China Shenhua Energy Co. led declines for commodity producers after the Wall Street Journal cited an official from the National Development and Reform Commission as saying growth may be below 7 percent without more ... »

Hospital issues men's sperm health cards
The first cardholder is a 25-year-old man named Shangguan who comes from Jiangxi province. He received the card on May 9 after having his sperm analyzed and examined in the hospital. He told the New Express newspaper in Guangzhou that he is single and ... »

Hong Kong stocks rebound with broad gains
Resource shares were among the big winners after an overnight recovery in many commodity prices, as Aluminum Corp. of China Ltd. (HKG:HK:2600) (NYSE:ACH) (SHA:CN:601600) leaped 4.6%, Jiangxi Copper Co. (HKG:HK:358) (SHA:CN:600362) (OTN:JIXAY) traded ... »

China to see 14 solar eclipses this century
Beginning at 6 am, people in South China's Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and Hainan province were the first to observe the eclipse, followed by the coastal provinces of Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian. People in the cities of Beijing and Tianjin were ... »

Floods in China prove deadly
In the eastern Jiangxi province, more than 200 houses have collapsed due to the storms. Rainstorms, hail and high winds were predicted to continue in Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces Monday and Tuesday, the National Meteorological ... »

Herbalife Ltd. Receives Approval for Additional Direct-Selling Licenses in China
Another five licenses were received in July 2010 for the company to conduct its direct-selling business in the provinces of Jiangxi, Liaoning, Henan, Jilin, and Chongqing. Herbalife now has direct selling licenses in 24 provinces, and as of March 31, ... »

Rainstorm-triggered floods in NW China prove deadly
In the eastern Jiangxi province, thunderstorms and heavy rains from Friday to Saturday, have placed over 30000 people in danger, and over 200 houses have collapsed. Rainstorms, hail and high winds are forecast to continue hitting parts of Gansu, ... »

Several Local Governments Hike Housing Provident Fund Loan Ceilings
A number of cities in Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei rolled out similar policies to boost inelastic home demand, while residents were worried that such policies may lead to higher home prices, according to the report. A resident in Wuhan said he wants to buy ... »

Heavy rain forecasted to hit Fujian & other southern regions till Monday
Provinces including Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian are expected to experience heavy rain or storms from Saturday to Monday, according to the National Meteorological Center (NMC). Meanwhile, it is expected that high winds will ... »

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