Heilongjiang (黑龙江)

Phot.Harbin.Ice.Sculp.Cathedral .010904.Fl.4255

Phot.Harbin.Ice.Sculp.Cathedral .010904.Fl.4255 by frank müller. Sourced via Flickr under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License.

  • Tiger Feet......
  • three dragons
  • Tiger, Tiger, Burning bright....
  • Happy Furry Friday...or could that be Cataday...lol..:O))
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  • Phot.Harbin.Snow.Sculpt.010905.Fl.4936
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  • The world
  • Harbin Snow & Ice Festival
  • Harbin Snow & Ice Festival
  • Hao Pui Yi, Crown (Prints from Heilongjiang, China)
  • Phot.Harbin.Snow.Sculpt.010905.Fl.4778
  • Gong Hon Sheng, Lunar Month (Prints from Heilongjiang, China)
  • Zhang Zhen Qi, Glen (Prints from Heilongjiang, China)
  • pig headed
  • Lui Bao, Frost Boquet (Prints from Heilongjiang, China)
  • Chen Yu Ping, Fruits in Frost (Prints from Heilongjiang, China)
  • Chao Fang Fang, Drunken Village (Prints from Heilongjiang, China)
  • Phot.Harbin.Ice.World.010905.Fl.5145
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  • Siberian Tiger in the snow, Harbin.
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  • Phot.Harbin.Ice.World.Panorama.010905.Fl.4539
  • Crescent moons with red-bean filling  - Shangzhi
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  • babushka dolls
  • Chickens
  • Harbin Snow & Ice Festival
  • Harbin Snow & Ice Festival
  • Spicy pork, watercress, potato and sweet potato stew - Shangzhi
  • Harbin Ice and Snow Festival 2008
  • Harbin Siberian Tiger Reserve
  • Phot.Harbin.City.Bridge.Snow.010906.Fl.4771
  • Phot.Harbin.Sophia.Cathedral.Constr.010904.Fl.5683
  • Harbin Siberian Tiger Reserve
  • Crispy pancakes filled with egg and scallion  - Shangzhi
  • St. Sophia Church - Harbin
  • Phot.Harbin.Ice.Sculp.Coach.010904.Fl.4253
  • Phot.Harbin.Sofie.Church.010906.Fl.4052
  • A round door
  • Lamb kebabs grilling at Korean barbecue - Shangzhi
  • Harbin Snow & Ice Festival
  • Harbin Snow & Ice Festival
  • Phot.Harbin.Sophia.Cathedral.Chorus.010904.Fl.4053
  • USABucks Coffee - Harbin
  • Phot.Harbin.Ice.World.010905.Fl.5179
  • Harbin Scenes 哈爾濱景色
  • Phot.Harbin.City.Reflect.Sophia.Church.010906.Fl.4008

Hēilóngjiāng (黑龙江)

Tourist Attractions

Below is a list of tourist attractions in Heilongjiang:

Harbin Sun Island by TaQpets. Sourced via Flickr.

Harbin Sun Island Park (哈尔滨太阳岛公园; hāěrbīn tàiyáng dǎo gōngyuán), (近郊阿城市). Tel: 0451-88190327 This site is rated AAAAA on China' national tourism scale.

Erlongshan Scenic Area (二龙山旅游风景区; èrlóngshān lǚyóu fēngjǐng qū), A mountain scenery area popular in winter for its ski resort. This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

DSC_0882 by KongFu Wang. Sourced via Flickr.

Wudalianchi Scenic Tourist Attractions in Heihe City (黑河市五大连池风景名胜区; hēihéshì wǔ dàlián chí fēngjǐngmíngshèng qū), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale. The tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites contains this location.

Hirayama forestry tourism (森工平山旅游区; sēn gōng píngshān lǚyóuqū), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

Ning'an Huoshan Crater National Forest Park (宁安市火山口国家森林公园; níngān shì huǒshānkǒu guójiā sēnlín gōngyuán), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

Harbin Institute of Culture and Tourism Jinyuan District (哈尔滨金源文化旅游区; hāěrbīn jīnyuán wénhuà lǚyóuqū), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

Zhalong National Nature Reserve of Heilongjiang (黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区; hēilóngjiāng zā lóng guójiājí zìrán bǎohùqū), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

Jingpo Lake Scenic Tourist Attractions (镜泊湖风景名胜区; jìngbóhú fēngjǐng míngshèng qū), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

Harbin, Heilongjiang TV Tower (Long Tower) tourist area (哈尔滨黑龙江电视塔(龙塔)旅游区; hāěrbīn hēilóngjiāng diànshìda (Lóng Tǎ) lǚyóuqū), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

Qiqihar City Island scenic Mingyue (齐齐哈尔市明月岛景区; jìjìhāěrshì míng yuè dǎo jǐngqū), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

Heilongjiang Science and Technology Museum (黑龙江科学技术馆; hēilóngjiāng kēxuéjìshù guǎn), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

Yichun City, Jiayin Dinosaur National Geopark (伊春市嘉荫恐龙国家地质公园; yīchūnshì jiāyīn kǒnglóng guójiā dìzhì gōngyuán), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

Yichun Wuying National Forest Park (伊春五营国家森林公园; yī chūn wǔ yíng guójiā sēnlín gōngyuán), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

St. Sophia Church by Luke Janicke. Sourced via Flickr.

St. Sophia Cathedral in Harbin (哈尔滨索非亚教堂景区; hāěrbīn suǒfēiyà jiàotáng jǐngqū), The cathedral is in the centre of the old city near to the main shopping streets. Few people traveling to China would expect to see a Russian Orthodox Cathedral, but in the centre of Harbin, that is exactly what you'll find. The city was founded as a new town of the Russian controlled railway and the Russians built their own cathedral here. This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

Sun Mountain Yabuli by Erin OHara. Sourced via Flickr.

Yabuli Ski Resort (亚布力滑雪旅游度假区; yà bù lì huáxuě lǚyóu dùjià qū), The resort is located about 80km southeast of Shangzhi city, or about 177km southeast of Harbin. Tel: 0451-53458888, 4006-888779 (, Fax: 0451-53455168), Official Web site. China's largest ski resort is a popular winter destination. Sited near Harbin city. This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

Tangwanghe River and Lin Hai-yin rare rock scenic area (汤旺河林海奇石风景区; Tāng Wànghé lín hǎi qíshí fēngjǐngqū), 100 km north from central city of Yichun County This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

Daqing oil field in history museum (大庆油田历史陈列馆; dàqìng yóutián lìshǐ chénliè guǎn), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

Daqing Wang Jinxi Iron Man Museum (大庆铁人王进喜纪念馆; dàqìng tiě rén Wáng Jìnxǐ jìniànguǎn), This site is rated AAAA on China' national tourism scale.

Tongjiang jiejinkou Hezhe Holiday Resort (同江街津口赫哲族旅游度假区; tóng;tòng jiāng jiē jīn kǒu hè zhé zú lǚ yóu dù jià qū), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Yokochi 东北虎林园 (横道东北虎林园; héng;hèng dào dōng běi hǔ lín yuán), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Mudanjiang Black Bear Paradise Resort Po (牡丹江黑宝熊乐园度假区; mǔ dān jiāng hēi bǎo xióng lè yuán dù jià qū), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Ning Bo Hai style Park (宁安渤海风情园; nìng;níng ān bó hǎi fēng qíng yuán), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Yichun Water Park Scenic Area (伊春水上公园风景区; yī chūn shuǐ shàng gōng yuán fēng jǐng qū), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

US Creek Huilong Wan Resort (美溪回龙湾度假区; měi qī huí lóng wān dù jià qū), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Shangganling streams National Forest Park (上甘岭溪水国家森林公园; shàng gān lǐng qī shuǐ guó jiā sēn lín gōng yuán), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Larix Forest Park (兴安森林公园; xīng ān sēn lín gōng yuán), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Leader of the Revolution Museum (革命领袖纪念馆; gé mìng lǐng xiù jì niàn guǎn), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Hegang General Stone Villa (鹤岗将军石山庄; hè gǎng jiāng jūn shí shān zhuāng), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Tienong Horticulture Garden Resort & Spa (铁农园艺园度假村; tiě nóng yuán yì yuán dù jià cūn), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Hua (Group) Company Military tourist areas (华安(集团)公司军工旅游区; huā;huá ān( jí tuán) gōng sī jūn gōng lǚ yóu qū), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

3 Eguchi tourist area with the River (同江三江口旅游区; tóng;tòng jiāng sān jiāng kǒu lǚ yóu qū), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Hegang National Forest Park (鹤岗国家森林公园; hè gǎng guó jiā sēn lín gōng yuán), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Jiamusi City Shuiyuan Mountain Park (佳木斯市水源山公园; jiā mù sī shì shuǐ yuán shān gōng yuán), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Luobei Mountain Island Scenic Area (萝北县名山岛风景区; luó běi xiàn míng shān dǎo fēng jǐng qū), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Aihui History museum (爱辉历史陈列馆; ài huī lì shǐ chén liè guǎn), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Gardening Branch of Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences (省农科院园艺分院; shěng;xǐng nóng kē yuàn yuán yì fēn yuàn), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Liangshui Nature Reserve Scenic Area (凉水自然保护区风景旅游区; liáng shuǐ zì rán bǎo hù qū fēng jǐng lǚ yóu qū), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

3 precision Pharmaceutical Industrial Park (三精制药工业园区; sān jīng zhì yào gōng yè yuán qū), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Pass Scenic (山口风景区; shān kǒu fēng jǐng qū), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Nen River Farm tourist areas of modern agriculture (嫩江农场现代农业旅游区; nèn jiāng nóng chǎng xiàn dài nóng yè lǚ yóu qū), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Daxing'anling Resource Center (大兴安岭资源馆; dà xīng ān lǐng zī yuán guǎn), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Daliangzi River National Forest Park (大亮子河国家森林公园; dà liàng zĭ hé guó jiā sēn lín gōng yuán), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Jiagedaqi Beishan Park (加格达奇北山公园; jiā gé dá qí;jī běi shān gōng yuán), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Daqing Petroleum Museum (大庆石油博物馆; dà qìng shí yóu bó wù guǎn), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Hailin Weihu Shan City (海林市威虎山城; hǎi lín shì wēi hǔ shān chéng), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Qiqihar City, Full Moon Beach Scenic Area (齐齐哈尔市明月岛风景区; qí qí hā ěr shì míng yuè dǎo fēng jǐng qū), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Tsietsi contact the Seoul City Lonza Park (齐齐洽尔市龙沙公园; qí qí qià ěr shì lóng shā gōng yuán), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Harbin Yuquan International Hunting Field (哈尔滨玉泉国际狩猎场; hā ěr bīn yù quán guó jì shòu liè chǎng), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Harbin Amusement Park (哈尔滨游乐园; hā ěr bīn yóu lè yuán), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Harbin 东北虎林园 (哈尔滨东北虎林园; hā ěr bīn dōng běi hǔ lín yuán), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Harbin Park, Europe and Asia Window (哈尔滨欧亚之窗公园; hā ěr bīn ōu yà zhī chuāng gōng yuán), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Harbin Sofia Square (哈尔滨索菲亚广场; hā ěr bīn suǒ fēi yà guǎng chǎng), This site is rated AAA on China' national tourism scale.

Former Residence of Xiao Hong (萧红故居; xiāo hóng gù jū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Harbin Golden River Tourist Park (哈尔滨金河旅游公园; hā ěr bīn jīn hé lǚ yóu gōng yuán), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Cheng Hui-Ning Park (阿城会宁公园; ā;ē chéng huì níng gōng yuán), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Founder may muruin Tourist Resort (方正得莫力旅游度假区; fāng zhèng dé;děi;de mò lì lǚ yóu dù jià qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Cheng Yu-quan Wei Hushan Forest Park (阿城玉泉威虎山森林公园; ā;ē chéng yù quán wēi hǔ shān sēn lín gōng yuán), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Harbin Forest train Qingfeng Villa Resort (哈尔滨森林小火车度假区青峰山庄; hā ěr bīn sēn lín xiǎo huǒ chē dù jià qū qīng fēng shān zhuāng), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Dragon and Phoenix Mountain Scenic Tourist Attractions Wuchang (五常龙凤山风景名胜区; wǔ cháng lóng fèng shān fēng jǐng míng shèng qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Longevity National Forest Park (长寿国家森林公园; cháng shòu guó jiā sēn lín gōng yuán), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Modern Agriculture Demonstration Park in northern city (北方农业现代都市示范园; běi fāng nóng yè xiàn dài dū shì shì fàn yuán), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Daqing City, children's park (大庆市儿童公园; dà qìng shì ér tóng gōng yuán), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Mulan Xiang moshan Scenic Area (木兰县香磨山风景区; mù lán xiàn xiāng mò;mó shān fēng jǐng qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Daqing City Gardens Park (大庆市景园公园; dà qìng shì jǐng yuán gōng yuán), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Duerbote Mongolian Autonomous County of Daqing City Folk Shoushan Leisure Resort (大庆市杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县寿山民俗休闲度假村; dà qìng shì dù ěr bǎi tè měng gǔ zú zì zhì xiàn shòu shān mín sú xiū xián dù jià cūn), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Longfeng Park, Daqing City (大庆市龙凤公园; dà qìng shì lóng fèng gōng yuán), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Serial Lake hunting (连环湖狩猎场; lián huán hú shòu liè chǎng), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Mongolian Autonomous County of Daqing City Prairie racetrack Duerbote (大庆市杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县草原赛马场; dà qìng shì dù ěr bǎi tè měng gǔ zú zì zhì xiàn cǎo yuán sài mǎ chǎng), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Dongning Fortress (东宁要塞; dōng nìng;níng yào sāi), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Dangbizhen Xingkai Lake Tourist Resort (当壁镇兴凯湖旅游度假区; dāng;dàng bì zhèn;chēn xīng kǎi hú lǚ yóu dù jià qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Jidong Xian Leng River Scenic Area (鸡东县巴愣河风景区; jī dōng xiàn bā lèng hé fēng jǐng qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Jidong Xian Hatta River Scenic Area (鸡东县哈达河风景区; jī dōng xiàn hǎ dá hé fēng jǐng qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Jixi Unicorn Mountain Scenic Area (鸡西市麒麟山风景区; jī xī shì qí lín shān fēng jǐng qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Suihua beetles Villa (绥化金龟山庄; suí huà;huā jīn guī shān zhuāng), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Qiqihar Yidong Mountain (齐齐哈尔蛇洞山风景区; qí qí hā ěr shé dòng shān fēng jǐng qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Qiqihar Tone River Reservoir Scenic Area (齐齐哈尔音河水库风景区; qí qí hā ěr yīn hé shuǐ kù fēng jǐng qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Qiqihar Red Bank Park (齐齐哈尔红岸公园; qí qí hā ěr hóng àn gōng yuán), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Qiqihar navy Forest Park (齐齐哈尔水师森林公园; qí qí hā ěr shuǐ shī sēn lín gōng yuán), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Qiqihar Hala Village (齐齐哈尔哈拉新村; qí qí hā ěr hā lā xīn cūn), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Qiqihar Pine hunting (齐齐哈尔青松狩猎场; qí qí hā ěr qīng sōng shòu liè chǎng), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Harbin Black Swan Resort (哈尔滨黑天鹅度假区; hā ěr bīn hēi tiān é dù jià qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Former Residence of Comrade Lin Feng Memorial Hall (林枫同志故居纪念馆; lín fēng tóng zhì gù jū jì niàn guǎn), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Mineiwa eco-tourism area (峰岩生态旅游区; fēng yán shēng tài lǚ yóu qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Xiaoxing'anling Stone Forest Scenic Area (小兴安岭石林风景区; xiǎo xīng ān lǐng shí lín fēng jǐng qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Provincial lindian spa (省林甸温泉疗养院; shěng;xǐng lín diàn wēn quán liáo yǎng yuàn), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Daqing TV Tower (大庆广播电视塔; dà qìng guǎng bō diàn shì tǎ), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Yichun, Nanshan Scenic Area (伊春南山风景旅游区; yī chūn nán shān fēng jǐng lǚ yóu qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Jiayin emerging river Park, Paradise Island (嘉荫新发岛江上公园乐园; jiā yìn xīn fā;fà dǎo jiāng shàng gōng yuán lè yuán), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Langxiang Yutu cents Lake Scenic Area (朗乡玉兔仙潭风景区; lǎng xiāng yù tù xiān tán;dǎn fēng jǐng qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

West great circle tourist area (西大圈旅游区; xī dà quān;juàn;juān lǚ yóu qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Shilong Mountain National Forest Park (石龙山国家森林公园; shí lóng shān guó jiā sēn lín gōng yuán), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Huanan Xiangyang Lake Scenic Area (桦南向阳湖风景区; huà nán xiàng yáng hú fēng jǐng qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

Wen Xian Manor Resort Area (文贤庄园旅游度假区; wén xián zhuāng yuán lǚ yóu dù jià qū), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

5 Mountain National Forest Park (五顶山国家森林公园; wǔ dǐng shān guó jiā sēn lín gōng yuán), This site is rated AA on China' national tourism scale.

clean earth Buddhist temple religion cultural tourist site (净土寺宗教文化旅游区; jìng tǔ sì zōngjiào wénhuà lǚyóuqū), This site is rated A on China' national tourism scale.

Wuchang Yueya Lake Scenic Area (五常月牙湖风景区; wǔcháng yuè yá hú fēngjǐngqū), This site is rated A on China' national tourism scale.

History

In ancient times Heilongjiang was far from any literate civilization, and information was sparse. Chinese and other sources state that Heilongjiang was inhabited by people such as the Xianbei, the Malgal, and the Khitan. The eastern portion of Heilongjiang was ruled by the kingdom of Balhae between the 7th century and 10th century. The Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) that subsequently ruled much of north China arose within the borders of modern Heilongjiang.

Heilongjiang as an administrative entity was created in 1683, during the Kangxi era of the the Manchu Qing Dynasty, from the northwestern part of the Jilin province. This Heilongjiang Province only included the western part of today's Heilongjiang Province, and was under the supervision of the General of Heilongjiang (the title is also translated as the Military Governor of Heilongjiang), whose power extended, according to the Treaty of Nerchinsk, as far north as the Stanovoy Mountains. The eastern part of what's today Heilongjiang remained under the supervision of the General of Jilin, whose power reached the Sea of Japan. These areas deep in Manchuria were closed off to Han Chinese migration.

The original seat of the Military Governor of Heilongjiang, as established in 1683, was in Heilongjang City (also known as Aigun or Heihe, or, in Manchu, Saghalien Ula), located on the Amur River. However, already in 1690 the seat of the governor was tranferred to Nenjiang (Mergen) on the Nen River, and, in 1699, further south to Qiqihar. According to modern historians, the moves may have been driven by supply considerations: Nenjiang and Qiqihar are connected by a convenient waterway (Nen River) with southern Manchuria, meanwhile accessing Aigun (Heihe) would require either sailing all the way down the Sungari River until its fall into Amur and then up the Amur to Heihe, or using a portage over the Lesser Xing'an Mountains between the Nen River valley and the Amur valley. An additional advantage of Qiqihar may have been its location at the junction of a northbound road (to Nenjiang) and a westbound one (to Mongolia), enabling its garrison to serve for the defense both against the Russians and the Ölöt Mongols

In 1858 and 1860 the Qing government were forced to give up all land beyond the Amur and Ussuri Rivers to the Russian Empire, cutting China off from the Sea of Japan and giving Heilongjiang its present northern borders. At the same time, Manchuria was opened to Han Chinese migration by the Qing government. By the early twentieth century, the Han Chinese had become the dominant ethnic group in the region.

In 1932, present-day Heilongjiang became part of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo.

After the Japanese defeat in 1945, Soviet forces entered Manchuria and gave the Chinese communists control over most of the area. Heilongjiang became the first province to be completely controlled by the Chinese communists and Harbin the first major city to be controlled by them. From Manchuria, the communists were able to conduct the initial phases of the Chinese Civil War.

At the beginning of communist rule, Heilongjiang province included only the western portion of the present-day province, and had its capital at Qiqihar. The remaining area was the province of Songjiang; its capital was Harbin. In 1954, these two provinces were merged into present-day Heilongjiang. During the Cultural Revolution Heilongjiang was also expanded to include Hulunbuir League and some other areas previously in Inner Mongolia; this has since mostly been reversed.

People and Culture

The majority of Heilongjiang's population is Han Chinese, while other ethnic minorities include the Manchus, Koreans, Mongols, Hui, Daur, Xibe, Oroqin, Hezhen and Russians.

Ethnic groups in Heilongjiang (2000 census)
Nationality Population Percentage
Han Chinese 34,465,039 95.20%
Manchu 1,037,080 2.86%
Koreans 388,458 1.07%
Mongol 141,495 0.39%
Hui 124,003 0.34%
Daur 43,608 0.12%
Xibe 8,886 0.03%
Excludes members of the People's Liberation Army in active service.
Source: Department of Population, Social, Science and Technology Statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics of China (国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司) and Department of Economic Development of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China (国家民族事务委员会经济发展司), eds. Tabulation on Nationalities of 2000 Population Census of China (《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》). 2 vols. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House (民族出版社), 2003. (ISBN 7-105-05425-5)

Industry

The agriculture of Heilongjiang, heavily defined by its cold climate, is based upon crops such as soybeans, maize, and wheat. Commercial crops grown include beets, flax, and sunflowers.

Heilongjiang is also an important source of lumber for China. Pine, especially the Korean pine and larch are the most important forms of lumber produced in Heilongjiang. Forests are mostly to be found in the Daxingan Mountains and Xiaoxingan Mountains, which are also home to protected animal species such as the Siberian Tiger, the red-crowned crane, and the lynx.

Herding in Heilongjiang is centered upon horse and cattle. Heilongjiang has the greatest number of milk cows and the highest production of milk among all the province-level divisions of China.

Petroleum is of great importance in Heilongjiang, and the Daqing oilfields are an important source of petroleum for China. Coal, gold, and graphite are other important minerals to be found in Heilongjiang. Heilongjiang also has great potential for wind power, with an average wind energy density of 200 watts per square metre.

Heilongjiang is part of northeast China, the traditional base of industry for the People's Republic of China. Industry is focused upon coal, petroleum, lumber, machinery, and food. Due to its location, Heilongjiang is also an important gateway for trade with Russia. In recent years, Manchuria has suffered from stagnation. As a result, the government has started the Revitalize Northeast China campaign to deal with this problem, using privatization as the preferred method of economic reform.

At least five miners were killed after a coal mine fire in Heilongjiang it was reported on September 21, 2008.[4]

Its GDP has been rising steadily since 2003, growing 37% from 2003-2007. Furthermore, the incremental value of the private economy grew by 20.1 percent in 2006 reaching RMB234 billion, and accounting for 37.6 percent of the GDP. The tax revenue from private enterprises hit RMB20.5 billion, a rise of 17.8 percent.

Private enterprises in Heilongjiang witnessed the fastest development in 2007, fueling the overall economic growth of the province. Many leading private enterprises have begun to emerge. Over 200 of them have an annual income exceeding RMB100 million. The province's three major private enterprises, namely the Heilongjiang Sunflower Medicine Ltd, Qitaihe Yidaxin Coal Co., and Heilongjiang Yiyang Group, each contributed more than RMB100 million in tax revenue in 2007.

At present, many private investors are involved in large construction projects in Heilongjiang. In 2006, 928 large projects absorbed private capital of RMB5 million each, and 101 projects attracted RMB100 million each within the province. In line with the centralgovernment’s policy to revitalize the Northeast, Heilongjiang is now restructuring its six pillar industries, namely equipment manufacturing, petrochemicals, food processing, energy, pharmaceuticals, and forest and timber processing.

In 2008, Heilongjiang's nominal GDP was 831 billion yuan (US$120 billion), an annual growth rate of 11.8%. Its per capita GDP was 21,727 yuan (US$3,128). Its primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 108.9 billion yuan, 436.6 billion yuan, and 285.5 billion yuan respectively. The per capita disposable income of urban residents in Heilongjiang reached 11,581 yuan (US$1,667), a rise of 13% from the previous year. The per capita net income of rural residents in the province reached 4,856 yuan (US$700), a rise of 17.5 from 2007.

Geography

Heilongjiang is a land of varied topography. Much of the province is dominated by mountain ranges such as the Greater Khingan Range and Lesser Khingan Range, Zhangguangcai Mountains, Laoye Mountains, and Wanda Mountains. The highest peak is Mount Datudingzi at 1690 m (5545 ft), located on the border with Jilin province). The Greater Khingan Range contains China's largest remaining virgin forest and is an important area for China's forestry industry.

The interior of the province, which is relatively flat and low in altitude, contains the Muling River, the Naoli River, the Songhua River, the Nen River, and the Mudan River, all tributaries of the Amur's basin, while the northern border forms part of the Amur valley. Xingkai Lake (or Khanka Lake) is found on the border with Russia's Primorsky Krai.

Heilongjiang is subarctic in climate. Winters are long and frigid, with an average of −31 to −15°C in January, and summers are short and cool with an average of 18 to 23°C in July. The annual average rainfall is 500 to 600 mm, concentrated mostly in summer.

Heilongjiang is divided into thirteen prefecture-level divisions, consisting of twelve prefecture-level cities and one prefecture:

Map # Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Type
Map of Heilongjiang province in China.
1 Harbin 哈尔滨市 Hā'ěrbīn Shì Prefecture-level city
2 Daqing 大庆市 Dàqìng Shì Prefecture-level city
3 Hegang 鹤岗市 Hègǎng Shì Prefecture-level city
4 Heihe 黑河市 Hēihé Shì Prefecture-level city
5 Jiamusi 佳木斯市 Jiāmùsī Shì Prefecture-level city
6 Jixi 鸡西市 Jīxī Shì Prefecture-level city
7 Mudanjiang 牡丹江市 Mǔdānjiāng Shì Prefecture-level city
8 Qiqihar 齐齐哈尔市 Qíqíhā'ěr Shì Prefecture-level city
9 Qitaihe 七台河市 Qītáihé Shì Prefecture-level city
10 Shuangyashan 双鸭山市 Shuāngyāshān Shì Prefecture-level city
11 Suihua 绥化市 Suíhuà Shì Prefecture-level city
12 Yichun 伊春市 Yīchūn Shì Prefecture-level city
13 Daxing'anling 大兴安岭地区 Dàxīng'ānlǐng Dìqū Prefecture

Transportation

A road and highway proposal was accepted in 2006; the project plans to develop 38,000 kilometers of new roads and expand Heilongjiang’s total road network to 2.3 million kilometers.

There are 60 rail lines of around 5,300 kilometers including a section of the Asia-Europe Continental Bridge. Construction of a RMB92.3 billion passenger-only railway line running from Harbin-Dalian began in August 2007. The railway will stretch from Harbin, Heilongjiang’s capital, to Dalian in Liaoning province via Changchun and Shenyang comprising 23 stops. It is expected to transport 37 million passengers per year by 2020 and 51 million by 2030.

Major airports include Harbin International Airport, Qiqihar Airport, Mudanjiang Airport, Jiamusi Airport and Heihe Airport. Harbin International Airport is capable of handling six million passengers every year and connects to over 40 domestic and international cities.

News About Heilongjiang

Pilots' fake records confirmed
Shenzhen Airlines is the parent company of Henan Airlines, which owned a plane that crashed in Yichun in Heilongjiang province on Aug 24. ... »

Pilots fibbed for quick promotions
The crash late last month of a Henan Airlines passenger jet in the city of Yichun in Heilongjiang Province has raised concerns about flight safety and the ... »

Senior Chinese Leader Urges "Leapfrog Development" of Heilongjiang Province
A senior Chinese leader has urged governments and people in Heilongjiang Province, an industrial and grain production base of China, to tap its unique ... »

Two Injured Survivors in China Plane Crash "Nearly Dead": Doctors
The two were transferred to the No.1 hospital affiliated to the Harbin Medical University in Harbin, capital of Heilongjiang Province, between 3 pm and 5 pm ... »

Not your usual cancer 'cure'
Only after a disheveled and distraught 20-year-old woman stripped off her clothes while on a train from Harbin, Heilongjiang Province to Taiyuan, ... »

Chinese pilots fake resumes, airline authority says
24, killing 42 and injuring 52 passengers and crew when it came down short of the runway in Yichun, in northeastern Heilongjiang province. ... »

China's corn area expects cold weather; sales weak
Early frost was also forecast to hit the northern mountain areas of Heilongjiang province this week, another major soy and corn area, but traders expected ... »

China's probe into plane crash reveals many pilots possessed fake credentials
International Business TimesRescuers at the scene of a crashed passenger plane in Yichun, in northeast China's Heilongjiang Province, early August 25, 2010. Subscribe to The Economic ... »

Villages snare million-yuan fish in Heilongjiang
People's Daily OnlineBrothers Yong from Shengli Village, which is located in Wuyun Town, Jiayin County, Yichun City of Heilongjiang Province, caught a large sturgeon fish when ... »

Scores of airline pilots faked CVs
Another 54 people were injured in the accident during a landing at Yichun in Heilongjiang province. I know of at least one Airline in SE Asia where ... »

China Begins Aviation Inquiry After Finding Fake Pilot Résumés
24 crash of a Henan Airlines plane that came down well short of the runway while attempting a night landing in Yichun, a town in northeast Heilongjiang ... »

Did govt sell too low?
By Yang Ruoyu Experts have accused the local government in Heilongjiang Province of selling an iron ore mine to a private company for much less than its ... »

Chinese hospital to grow new skin for air crash survivors
The Brazilian-made jet of Henan Airlines, with 96 passengers on board, crashed in Yichun, a remote, mountainous city in Heilongjiang province on August 24. ... »

Chinese hospital to grow new skin in laboratory for crash survivors
The Brazilian-made Henan Airlines jet carrying 96 people crashed in Yichun, a remote, mountainous city in Heilongjiang Province on Aug. 24. ... »

China uncovers 200 fraudulent pilots
Telegraph.co.ukThe crash, when a Brazilian-made regional jet missed the runway at a small airport in the northern province of Heilongjiang, was China's first major air ... »

Report: China finds 200 pilots faked flight histories, as aviation authorities ...
... injured in the crash of the Brazilian-made Embraer 190 plane belonging to Henan Airlines during a nighttime landing at Yichun in Heilongjiang province. ... »

200 China pilots 'falsified resumes'
... died on August 24 when a Brazilian-made regional jet flown by Henan Airlines crashed at a small airport in northeastern China's Heilongjiang province. ... »

At least 26 killed in vehicle accidents in China
AFPFurther north in Heilongjiang province, at least 10 people were killed after a truck loaded with sand and a mini-bus collided on an expressway at about 2:00 ... »

Virtual Airlines: The Story Behind the Yichun Plane Crash
Economic ObserverAlthough responsibility for the crash is being placed at the feet of Henan Airlines, we should also scrutinize the involvement of the "Heilongjiang Virtual ... »

10 killed in truck-bus crash
The accident happened at about 2:00 pm (2pm S'pore time) near Jiamusi city in Heilongjiang province, the official Xinhua news agency said, citing a city ... »

Map showing location of Heilongjiang within China

Name: Heilongjiang

Pinyin: Hēilóngjiāng

Simplified Chinese: 黑龙江

Traditional Chinese: 黑龍江

Capital: Harbin

CPCC Secretary: Ji Bingxuan

Governor: Li Zhanshu

Area: 454,000km2

Population: 38,253,900 people

Uraban Population: 38,253,900 people (55%)

Rural Population: 38,253,900 people (45%)

Population density: 83 people/km2

GDP: 831 Billion RMB

Coordinates: 48°N, 112°E

Government website:
Chinese: http://www.hlj.gov.cn/