Gansu 甘肃

.

. By Graeme Nicol. Sourced via Flickr under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License.

Gānsù (甘肃) is a province in the north west of China. It has a short border with the Republic of Mongolia in the north of the province. Around the rest lie other Chinese provinces. To the north east is Inner Mongolia and Ningxia autonomous regions. To the south east is Shaanxi province. To the south is Sichuan and to the west lie Qinghai province and Xinjiang Autonomous Region.

Tourist Attractions

Below is a list of tourist attractions in Gansu:

The last line of defense. by Kevin Hale. Sourced via Flickr.

(嘉峪关市嘉峪关文物景区; jiāyùguān wénwù jǐngqū): Jiayuguan City, Gansu, China. Just a short distance from the Jiayuguan city centre. Bus No.1 runs past the fort on route between the city centre and the train station. Jiayuguan is the fortress at the extreme western end of the Ming Great Wall of China. Depending on your direction of travel, this is either the first or last gate in the Great Wall. Its position on the ancient silk road trading route made it an important location. The city of Jiayuguan slowly developed beside the fortress to take advantage of the trade. This tourist attraction is listed as a UNESCO World Herritage Site. This tourist attraction is rates as AAAAA on China's national tourism scale.

by Jonas Merian. Sourced via Flickr.

(平凉市崆峒山风景名胜区; kōng dòng shān fēngjǐngmíngshèng qū): One of the five great mountains of China and a historic centre for taoism. This tourist attraction is rates as AAAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(武威文庙; wǔwēi Wén Miào): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(拉卜楞寺; Lā Boléng sì): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(景泰黄河石林风景旅游区; jǐngtài huánghé shílínfēngjǐng lǚyóuqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(漳县贵清山/遮阳山旅游风景区; zhāngxiàn guì qīng shān /zhē yángshān lǚyóu fēngjǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

by Mark. Sourced via Flickr.

(麦积山风景名胜区; Mài Jīshān fēngjǐngmíngshèng qū): This tourist attraction is listed as a UNESCO World Herritage Site. This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

First of the three gorges on the Yangtze River. Probably best viewed <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photo_zoom.gne?id=481924379&amp;size=l">large</a>. by Keith Marshall. Sourced via Flickr.

(黄河三峡风景名胜区; huánghé sānxiá fēngjǐngmíngshèng qū): This tourist attraction is listed as a UNESCO World Herritage Site. This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(兰州水车博览园; lánzhōu shuǐchē bólǎn yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(敦煌鸣沙山-月牙泉风景名胜区; duìhuáng míng shā shān -yuè yá quán fēngjǐngmíngshèng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(兰州五泉山公园; lánzhōu wǔ quán shān gōngyuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(兰州吐鲁沟国家森林公园; lánzhōu tǔ Lǔ Gōu guójiā sēnlín gōngyuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(肃南马蹄寺风景名胜区; sù nán Mǎ Tísì fēngjǐngmíngshèng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(张掖大佛寺; zhāngyē dà fó sì): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(武威市雷台公园; wǔwēishì Léi Tái gōngyuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(官鹅沟风景区; guān é gōu fēngjǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(敦煌阳关文物景区; duìhuáng yáng guān wénwù jǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(敦煌雅丹国家地质公园; duìhuáng yǎ dān guójiā dìzhì gōngyuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(康县阳坝自然风景区; kāngxiàn yáng bà zìrán fēngjǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(卓尼县大峪沟景区; zhuōní xiàn dà yù gōu jǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(武威沙漠公园; wǔwēi shāmò gōngyuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(陇南市万象洞风景区; lǒng nán shì wànxiàng dòng fēngjǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(成县《西狭颂》风景区; chéngxiàn [xī xiá sòng] fēngjǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(武威神州荒漠野生动物园; wǔwēi shénzhōu huāngmò yěshēngdòngwùyuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(西汉酒泉胜迹; xī hàn jiǔquán shèng jì): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(冶力关风景区; yě lì guān fēngjǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(松鸣岩风景名胜区; sōng míng yán fēngjǐngmíngshèng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(兴隆山国家级自然保护区; xīnglōng shān guójiājí zìrán bǎohùqū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAAA on China's national tourism scale.

(肃南马蹄寺风光旅游区; sù nán mă tí sì fēng guāng lǚ yóu qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAA on China's national tourism scale.

(甘州大佛寺旅游景区; gān zhōu dà fó sì lǚ yóu jĭng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAA on China's national tourism scale.

(甘谷大象山; gān gŭ dà xiàng shān): This tourist attraction is rates as AAA on China's national tourism scale.

(玉泉观景区; yù quán guān jĭng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAA on China's national tourism scale.

(南郭寺公园; nán guō sì gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AAA on China's national tourism scale.

(武山水帘洞景区; wŭ shān shuĭ lián dòng jĭng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAA on China's national tourism scale.

(金塔鸳鸯湖风景区; jīn tă yuān yāng hú fēng jĭng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AAA on China's national tourism scale.

(平凉崇信龙泉寺; píng liáng chóng xìn lóng quán sì): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(兰州白塔山公园; lán zhōu bái tă shān gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(武都万象洞; wŭ dōu wàn xiàng dòng): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(庆阳周祖陵森林公园; qìng yáng zhōu zŭ líng sēn lín gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(平凉泾川王母宫; píng liáng jīng chuān wáng mŭ gōng): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(临夏市人民公园; lín xià shì rén mín gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(临夏市东郊公园; lín xià shì dōng jiāo gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(临泽双泉湖旅游区; lín zé shuāng quán hú lǚ yóu qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(武威雷台; wŭwēi léi tái): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(武威市博物馆; wŭ wēi shì bó wù guăn): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(山丹艾黎捐赠文物陈列馆; shān dān ài lí juān zèng wén wù chén liè guăn): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(敦煌仿宋沙洲城; dūn huáng făng sòng shā zhōu chéng): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(张掖市黑河森林公园; zhāng yì shì hēi hé sēn lín gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(敦煌三危山旅游区; dūn huáng sān wéi shān lǚ yóu qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(张掖市森林公园; zhāng yì shì sēn lín gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(张掖市甘泉公园; zhāng yì shì gān quán gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(夏河桑科草原; xià hé sāng kē căo yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(甘南州冶力关风景区; gān nán zhōu yĕ lì guān fēng jĭng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(甘南州大峪沟生态旅游景区; gān nán zhōu dà yù gōu shēng tài lǚ yóu jĭng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(定西市安定区玉湖公园; dìng xī shì ān dìng qū yù hú gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(仁寿山森林公园; rén shòu shān sēn lín gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(渭源县灞陵桥公园; wèi yuán xiàn bà líng qiáo gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(临洮县岳麓山森林公园; lín yáo xiàn yuè lù shān sēn lín gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(平凉市崆峒区柳湖公园; píng liáng shì kōng tóng qū liŭ hú gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(平凉市崆峒区太统森林公园; píng liáng shì kōng tóng qū tài tŏng sēn lín gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(庄浪县紫荆山公园; zhuāng làng xiàn zĭ jīng shān gōng yuán): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(甘南州合作市当州草原风景区; gān nán zhōu hé zuò shì dāng zhōu căo yuán fēng jĭng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(甘南州玛曲天下黄河第一弯旅游风景区; gān nán zhōu mă qū tiān xià huáng hé dì yī wān lǚ yóu fēng jĭng qū): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(甘南州安多合作米拉日巴佛阁; gān nán zhōu ān duō hé zuò mĭ lā rì bā fó gé): This tourist attraction is rates as AA on China's national tourism scale.

(敦煌白马塔景区; duìhuáng báimǎ tǎ jǐngqū): This tourist attraction is rates as A on China's national tourism scale.

(肃北县人民公园; sù běi xiàn rénmín gōngyuán): This tourist attraction is rates as A on China's national tourism scale.

History

Gansu is a compound name first used in Song Dynasty China, of two Sui and Tang Dynasty prefectures (州): Gan (around Zhangye) and Su (around Jiuquan).

The ruins of a Han Dynasty (202 BC - 220 AD) Chinese watchtower made of rammed earth at Dunhuang, Gansu province, the eastern edge of the Silk Road
In prehistoric times, Gansu was host to a number of Neolithic cultures. The Dadiwan culture, from where numerous archaeologically significant artifacts have been excavated, flourished in the eastern end of Gansu from about 6000 BC to about 3000 BC. The Majiayao culture (馬家窯文化) and part of the Qijia culture (齊家文化) also took root in Gansu from 3100 BC to 2700 BC and 2400 BC to 1900 BC respectively.

The Qin state (秦), later to become the founding state of the Chinese empire, grew out from the southeastern part of Gansu, specifically the Tianshui (天水) area. The Qin name itself is believed to have originated, in part, from the area. Qin tombs and artifacts have been excavated from Fangmatan near Tianshui, including one 2200 year old map of Guixian county.

In imperial times, Gansu was an important strategic outpost and communications link for the Chinese empire, as the Hexi corridor (河西走廊) runs along the "neck" of the province. The Han dynasty extended the Great Wall across this corridor, also building the strategic Yumenguan (Jade Gate Pass, near Dunhuang) and Yangguan (阳关) fort towns along it. Remains of the wall and the towns can be found there to this date. The Ming dynasty also built the Jiayuguan outpost in Gansu. To the west of Yumenguan and the Qilian Mountains, at the northwestern end of the province, the Yuezhi, Wusun, and other nomadic tribes dwelt (Shiji 123), occasionally figuring in regional imperial Chinese geopolitics.

After the fall of the Uyghur Empire, a Uyghur state was established in Gansu that lasted from 848 to 1036 AD. During that time, many of Gansu's residents converted to Islam.

Situated along the Silk Road, Gansu was an economically important province, and a cultural transmission path as well. Temples and Buddhist grottoes such as those at Mogao Caves ('Caves of the Thousand Buddhas') and Maijishan Caves contain artistically and historically revealing murals. An early form of paper inscribed with Chinese characters and dating to about 8 BC was discovered at the site of a Western Han garrison near the Yumen pass in August 2006.

The province was also the origin of the Muslim Rebellion of 1862-77, which later spread to much of China and resulted in the deaths of upwards of twelve million Chinese Muslims in addition to the decimation of Chinese Muslim culture in Yunnan province, where over one million Muslims were killed by Qing forces.

People and Culture

Gansu province is home to 30,711,287 people. Most of the population, 73%, is still rural. Gansu is 92% Han and also has Hui, Tibetan, Dongxiang, Tu, Manchu, Uyghur, Yugur, Bonan, Mongolian, Salar, and Kazakh minorities. Prior to the Panthay Rebellion (also Muslim Rebellion), Gansu province had a large community of Chinese Hui Muslims, which was almost completely decimated by Qing authorities.

Language

Most of the inhabitants of Gansu speak dialects of Northern Mandarin Chinese. On the border areas of Gansu one might encounter Tu, Amdo Tibetan, Mongolian, and the Kazakh language. Most of the minorities also speak Chinese.

Culture

The cuisine of Gansu is based on the staple crops grown there: wheat, barley, millet, beans, and sweet potatoes. Within China, Gansu is known for its lamian (pulled noodles), and Muslim restaurants which feature authentic Gansu cuisine. Muslim restaurants are known as "qingzhen restaurants" ("pure truths restaurants"), and feature typical Chinese dishes, but without any pork products, and instead an emphasis on lamb and mutton.

 

Industry

Agricultural production includes cotton, linseed oil, maize, melons (such as the honeydew melon, known locally as the Bailan melon or "Wallace" due to its introduction by US vice president Henry A. Wallace), millet, and wheat. Gansu is known as a source for wild medicinal herbs which are used in Chinese medicine.

However, most of Gansu's economy is based on mining and the extraction of minerals, especially rare earth elements. The province has significant deposits of antimony, chromium, coal, cobalt, copper, fluorite, gypsum, iridium, iron, lead, limestone, mercury, mirabilite, nickel, crude oil, platinum, troilite, tungsten, and zinc among others. The oil fields at Yumen and Changqing are considered significant.

Industries other than mining include electricity generation, petrochemicals, oil exploration machinery, and building materials.

According to some sources, the province is also a center of China's nuclear industry.

Despite recent growth in Gansu and the booming economy in the rest of China, Gansu is still considered to be one of the poorest provinces in China. Its nominal GDP for 2008 was about 317.6 billion yuan (45 billion USD) and per capita of 12,110 RMB (1,744 USD). Tourism has been a bright spot in contributing to Gansu's overall economy. As mentioned below, Gansu offers a wide variety of choices for national and international tourists.

 

Geography

Gansu province has an area of 454,000 km², and the majority of its land is more than 1 km above sea level. It lies between the Tibetan Plateau, Inner Mongolia, and the Loess Plateau, and borders Mongolia to the north-west. The Yellow River passes through the southern part of the province. The province contains the geographical center of China, marked by the Center of the County Monument at 35°50′40.9″N 103°27′7.5″E.

Part of the Gobi Desert is located in Gansu, as well as small parts of the Badain Jaran Desert and Tengger Desert.

The Yellow River gets most of its water from Gansu province. The Yellow River also flows straight through Lanzhou. Area around Wuwei is part of Shiyang River Basin.

The landscape in Gansu is very mountainous in the south and flat in the north. The mountains in the south are part of the Qilian mountain range. At 5,547 meters high, Qilian Shan Mountain is Gansu’s highest elevation. It is located at latitude 39°N and longitude 99°E.

A natural land passage known as Hexi Corridor, stretching some 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) from Lanzhou to the Jade Gate, is situated within Gansu province. It is bound from north by the Gobi Desert and Qilian Mountains from the south.

Gansu has a generally semi-arid to arid, continental climate, with warm summers and very cold winters. Most of the precipitation is concentrated in the summer months.

The Asian Development Bank is working with the State Forestry Administration of China on the Silk Road Ecosystem Restoration project, designed to prevent degradation and desertification in Gansu. It is estimated to cost up to US$150 million.

Its frequent earthquakes, droughts and famines have tended to slow its economic progress, until recently when based on its abundant mineral resources it has begun developing into a vital industrial center. An earthquake in Gansu at 8.6 on the Richter scale killed around 180,000 people in 1920, and another with a magnitude of 7.6 killed 70,000 in 1932.

There are fourteen administrative areas in Gansu immediately below the province level: twelve prefecture-level cities and two autonomous prefectures:

Map # Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Type
Map of Gansu province in China 1 Jiuquan 酒泉市 Jiǔquán Shì Prefecture-level city
2 Jiayuguan 嘉峪关市 Jiāyùguān Shì Prefecture-level city
3 Zhangye 张掖市 Zhāngyè Shì Prefecture-level city
4 Jinchang 金昌市 Jiǔquán Shì Prefecture-level city
5 Wuwei 武威市 Wǔwēi Shì Prefecture-level city
6 Baiyin 白银市 Báiyín Shì Prefecture-level city
7 Lanzhou 兰州市 Lánzhōu Shì Prefecture-level city
8 Linxia (Hui) 临夏回族自治州 Línxià Huízú Zìzhìzhōu Autonomous prefecture
9 Gannan (Tibetan) 甘南藏族自治州 Gānnán Zāngzú Zìzhìzhōu Autonomous prefecture
10 Dingxi 定西市 Dìngxī Shì Prefecture-level city
11 Longnan 陇南市 Lǒngnán Shì Prefecture-level city
12 Tianshui 天水市 Tiānshuǐ Shì Prefecture-level city
13 Pingliang 平凉市 Píngliàng Shì Prefecture-level city
14 Qingyang 庆阳市 Qìngyáng Shì Prefecture-level city

Land

166,400 km² grassland
46,700 km² mountain slopes suitable for livestock breeding
46,200 km² forests (standing timber reserves of 0.2 km³)
35,300 km² cultivated land (1,400 m² per capita)
66,600 km² wasteland suitable for forestation
10,000 km² wasteland suitable for farming
454,000 km² total area

Minerals

Three thousand deposits of 145 different minerals. Ninety-four minerals have been found and ascertained, including nickel, cobalt, platinum, selenium, casting clay, finishing serpentine, and five other minerals whose reserves are the largest in China. Gansu has advantages in getting nickel, zinc, cobalt, platinum, iridium, copper, barite, and baudisserite.

Energy

Among Gansu’s most important sources of energy are its water resources: the Yellow River and other inland river drainage basins. Gansu is placed ninth among China’s provinces in annual hydropower potential and water discharge. Gansu produces 17.24 gigawatts of hydropower a year. Twenty-nine hydropower stations have been constructed in Gansu, each capable of generating 30 gigawatts. Gansu has an estimated coal reserve of 8.92 billion tons and petroleum reserve of 700 million tons. There is also good potential for wind and solar power development.

Flora and Fauna

Gansu has 659 species of wild animals. It has twenty-four rare animals which are under a state protection.

Gansu's mammals include some of the world's most charismatic: the Giant panda, Golden Monkeys, lynx, Snow leopards, Sika deer, musk deer, and the Bactrian camel.

Among zoologists who study moles, the Gansu Mole is of great interest. For a reason that can only be speculated, it is taxologically a New World Mole living among Old Word Moles; that is to say an American mole living in a sea of Euro-Asians.

Gansu is home to 441 species of birds; it is a center of endemism and home to many species and subspecies which occur nowhere else in the world.

Gansu is China's second-largest producer of medicinal plants and herbs, including some produced nowhere else, such as the hairy asiabell root, fritillary bulb, and Chinese caterpillar fungus.

News About Gansu

Microsteps Online for Chinese Charities
Wang Keqin was working as the head of the investigative bureau of the Chinese newspaper The Economic Times, when a journalist at the paper uncovered the story of Gulang, a rural county in Gansu province where 300 locals had contracted so-called black ... »

New rule on HIV disclosure sparks debate
Only the northwestern province of Gansu has a similar rule, which was introduced in 2009. Xiao Dong, leader of a civil organization committed to HIV/AIDS control in Beijing, backed the regulation. "The sufferer should inform their partners because ... »

China's short term environmental future is bright
By Matthew Kahn, Guest blogger / February 6, 2012 A man stands in front of a windmill at the Gansu Jieyuan Wind Power Company on the outskirts of Yumen, northwest China's Gansu province, in this file photo. According to Kahn, China's short term ... »Christian Science Monitor

Generating Units of Coal-Fired and Wind Power Projects Completed Trial Run
Phase I of Huaneng's Jiuquan Wind Power Project (which is located in Gansu Province and wholly owned by the Company) with a total generation capacity of 501.5MW had also completed a trial run at the end of 2011. In aggregate, the above increased the ... »

Huangtai Wine-Marketing Ends Private Placement
Febuary 6 -- Gansu Huangtai Wine-Marketing Industry (000995) ended its private placement plan as controlling shareholder, Shanghai Houfeng Investment, and Chengde Mountain Resort Group failed to come to an agreement regarding the acquisition of the ... »

Buddhist dance performance held in Labrang Monastery
Monks perform dance in the Labrang Monastery in Xiahe County, northwest China's Gansu Province, Feb. 5, 2012. Labrang Monastery held a Buddhist dance performance on Sunday, the 14th day of the first month in the traditional lunar calendar. »

High-profile gun crimes spark calls for action
In the latest case, three people were killed and eight injured in Huining county in Northwest China's Gansu province, according to local police, who captured the suspect on Sunday. The gunman, who is said to be in his 30s, used an emulational handgun ... »

Police Nab Gunman that Kills 3, Injures 8 in NW China
Police have captured a man who allegedly shot dead three people and left eight others injured Sunday morning in northwest China's Gansu province. Cao Jiquan, a man in his 30s, shot at the victims with a homemade gun at around 10 am in Dangxian village, ... »

Police nab gunman in NW China
LANZHOU - Police have captured a man that shot dead three people and left eight others injured Sunday morning in Northwest China's Gansu province. The man, who is said to be in his thirties, used an emulational handgun and the shots were fired at ... »

Gunshots Kill 3, Injure 8 in NW China
Three people have been killed and eight others injured in shootings in a village in northwest China's Gansu Province on Sunday, according to police. The gunman, using an emulational handgun, is suspected to be a man in his thirties and the shots were ... »

Lu Xinshe elected governor of Jiangxi province
On August 2010 he was appointed deputy secretary of the provincial committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in northwestern Gansu province. He had also acted as director of the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping between 2005 and 2008. »

China stresses workplace safety
Another school bus accident in the western Gansu Province killed 21 people in November. According to the administration's figures, 2433 miners were killed in coal mine accidents in China in 2010, compared with 2631 in 2009. Figures for 2011 are so far ... »

Disaster donations becoming more transparent
Some 9.32 million and 1.53 million yuan was given to northwestern Gansu provincial authorities for reconstruction in areas hit by the August 2010 Zhouqu landslides and the May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, respectively. After a series of scandals hit the ... »

Suspect in brutal killing of Chinese woman nabbed
Speaking in broken Filipino hours after his arrest in Malate, Gong Shu Yang, 27, of Shishi City in Fujian, China, apologized for killing his former lover and compatriot, Zhao Chun Lan, 24, of Gansu Province, on January 14. “I had to kill her. »

Updated